Paraquat is a restricted use chemical due to its extreme toxicity, meaning only licensed professionals are allowed to buy and use it. The chemical is most harmful when ingested, although skin contact and inhalation can also lead to injury and long-term health issues. Among those issues, scientists have linked exposure to paraquat to an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease.
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Multiple studies, including several cited by Agricultural Health Study, have linked exposure to paraquat to an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease. Further, studies shared by the Unified Parkinson’s Advocacy Council to members of U.S. Congress found that individuals exposed to paraquat as a teen or young adult were between 200 and 600 percent more likely to develop the disease later in life.
Due to its high toxicity, only licensed professionals may use paraquat, so those most likely to be exposed are commercial farmers or agricultural workers. People who live close to commercial farms or agricultural centers where the chemical is used are also at risk of exposure through spray drift or water contamination. Likewise, those who live with commercial farmers or agricultural workers, like spouses or children, can also be exposed by coming into contact with contaminated clothing or equipment.
Exposure to paraquat, especially through ingestion, has also been linked to:
Across the globe, debate continues on the complete ban of paraquat, including through multiple unsuccessful legislative acts in the United States. As research continues, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued new proposed safety measures in 2021, including limiting aerial application, in lieu of a full ban.
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with no known cure. It affects the dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra area of the brain, leading to a broad range of symptoms that typically develop slowly over the years.
In lab settings, scientists have observed paraquat’s ability to destroy dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, further supporting the chemical’s link to Parkinson’s.
Symptoms include:
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